why did tim o brien write the things they carried article
Furious, O'Brien promises revenge, but can recruit only Azar. John is forced to confront the deep denial he harbors about his participation in the war as O'Brien raises larger questions about the fallout of war and the consequences of wars after the fighting has ceased and the participants return home changed. He then tells the story of an ambush outside My Khe, in which O'Brien kills a young man who may or may not have wanted to harm him. All rights reserved. What do you still carry? Copyright © 2010 NPR. O'Brien made the trip back to Vietnam with a woman for whom he left his wife, and he makes this plain in the article. But I certainly hadnt imagined 14-year-old kids and 18-year-olds and those even in their early-20s reading the book and bringing such fervor to it, which comes from their own lives, really. Interdisciplinary Humanities 30.2 (2013): Kurutz, Steven, "A War Book's Long Shelf Life," Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2010. I'm retired now. Literally walking away from the war, the other members of his unit are ordered to pursue him. BRIAN: And she has a father that was early 80s, you know, no combat or anything, so she really didn't know how to ask me questions. CONAN: In some ways, you write how the experience of being close to death so often made things extremely vivid. JEFF (Caller): Yeah, hi, thanks for taking my call. Personally, I consider Tomcat in Love, if not my best book, certainly up there among the best. Mr. O'BRIEN: Yes. The area is so isolated that one of the soldiers flies his hometown girlfriend in by helicopter. : Exploring U.S. "Systems" During The Vietnam War." Now you get up to 35, and you say, man, you know, I could be gone in a split second. It can go anywhere from trauma to simple politeness. "I carry the memories of the ghosts of a place called Vietnam — the people of Vietnam, my fellow soldiers," he tells host Neal Conan. "Speaking of Courage" was originally published (in heavily modified form) as a chapter of O'Brien's earlier novel Going After Cacciato. "[31], The legal rights to adapt the book into a play were awarded to James R. Stowell. I'm delighted to hear it. Hi, Mr. O'Brien. And it made me wonder, well, you know, (unintelligible) counseling, you know? Who knows why? Tim O'Brien's book has also been optioned for a film, but so far it's not made it to the big screen. A comparison of the two authors’ use of the same techniques can help students talk about the various ways novelists can present the experience of war. Do you watch? Mr. O'BRIEN: That's the thing. You'd try to relax. O'Brien has received awards from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Massachusetts Arts and Humanities Foundation. JEFF: And when I was in Iraq, my driver made wristbands out of 550 cord for everybody in the section, and I wear that every day. Students can consider to what extent O’Brien’s story does or does not still ring true, now that women serve in combat, too, and are also beginning to write about their war experiences, as female veterans discussed recently in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in a writing workshop reported on in the Washington Post. Let's see if we can go next to this is Daniel, Daniel with us from Greenville in Tennessee. Suffering from a brain tumor, Linda died at the age of nine and O'Brien was deeply affected by her funeral. Grammy winning Americana artist Tim O’Brien and his partner Jan Fabricius will launch his new download label Short Order Sessions on January 6th 2015. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. At least [he] hopes it is taken that way." O'Brien served a 13-month tour in-country from 1969 to 1970 with Alpha Company, the Fifth Battalion of the 46th Infantry, 198th Infantry Brigade, Americal Division. He doesn't talk about the experience at all. It's almost hard to believe. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. The Things They Carried (1990) is a collection of linked short stories by American novelist Tim O'Brien, about a platoon of American soldiers fighting on the ground in the Vietnam War. We want to hear from veterans today. He makes up a life story for the man, torturing himself with the idea that the victim had been a gentle soul. In one of the chapters of The Things They Carried, O’Brien discussed and drew out two kinds of truths; “story-truth” and “happening-truth”. The title story is an overture and creates the world of Vietnam for readers. Since 2015 women in the military can serve in combat zones. Thoughts of Martha often distract Lieutenant Cross from his team's objectives. But he wanted to provoke the same feelings in the reader that he felt on the trail. [14], O'Brien describes a man he killed in My Khe, and how he did it. So thanks. CONAN: Where'd you collect the shrapnel, Terry? In 1991, O'Brien was awarded the Melcher Award for The Things They Carried and won France's Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger in 1992. And there's something about being amid the chaos and the horror of a war that makes you appreciate all you don't have and all you may lose forever, which goes from the sublime, your parents, down to the petty, the Big Mac and a cold Coke. Your purchase helps support NPR programming. When asked to describe how he blurs this line between the two genres, O’Brien says "I set out to write a book with the feel of utter and absolute reality, a work of fiction that would read like nonfiction and adhere to the conventions of a memoir: dedicating the book to the characters, using my name, drawing on my own life. After returning from his tour in March 1970, O'Brien resumed his schooling and began graduate work in government and political science at Harvard University, where he stayed for nearly five years but did not complete a dissertation. At first, she cooks, cleans, and tends to the soldiers' wounds ... but gradually, she assimilates into Vietnamese guerrilla culture, even wearing a necklace made of human tongues, and disappears into the jungle. O'Brien maintains that The Things They Carried "is meant to be about man's yearning for peace. In war, there are no winners. Removing #book# [1] It was published by Houghton Mifflin in 1990. Do you watch movies about war? Later, Azar mocks the girl, and Dobbins rebukes him. Read the overview below to gain an understanding of the author and his work and explore the previews of analysis and criticism that invite further interpretation. An author “plays with facts,” he says, in order to get to the truth. Well, you'd think, this isn't so bad. It's been read and passed around by countless veterans from Vietnam to the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. JEFF: 550 cord is a nylon cord that if you've ever been in the infantry, it's got a million-and-one uses, probably some I haven't learned yet, but pretty much every infantry that I was ever in... CONAN: The ones you don't know about are probably the ones in the manual. Unlike his character, however, O'Brien passed his nights pouring out his anxiety and grief onto the typewritten page. In 1968, the war in Vietnam reached its bloodiest point in terms of American casualties, and the government relied on conscription to recruit more soldiers. But the things that I don't personally carry, but I used to carry every day, were the coffins coming back from Vietnam, the nuclear warheads coming back out of I guess I can say it today, Subic Bay, because we used to catch them at Barbers Point Naval Air Station outside of Hickam Air Force Base. I carry joyful memories, too, friends I made and the conversations at foxholes where, for a moment or two, the war would seem to vanish into camaraderie and friendship. It’s sometimes difficult to separate external 'reality' from the internal processing of that reality. During the course of his college career, O'Brien came to oppose the war, not as a radical activist but as a campaign supporter and volunteer of Eugene McCarthy, a candidate in the 1968 presidential election who was openly against the Vietnam War. Mr. TIM O'BRIEN (Author, "The Things They Carried"): Great to be here, thanks. Accuracy and availability may vary. I mean, we did lose a bird at Dover, got hit with lightning, and it tore the wing off between Number 2 and Number 3 engine, you know? The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record. https://www.writermag.com/writing-inspiration/author-interviews/tim-obrien And it reminds me of all of my experiences in the past and a lot of good memories. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. I think in the end that there are all kinds of reasons for silence. The book was adapted into a play and it premiered at The History Theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota, March 14, 2014. CHRIS (Caller): Yes, hi. My dad was quiet and there was trouble in the family, and my mom was trying to explain to me why she had never been able to fall in love with my father, who had been in Vietnam, at least not wholly in love. O'Brien ultimately rose to the rank of sergeant. The stories "The Things They Carried," "On the Rainy River," "How to Tell a True War Story," "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong," "The Man I Killed," and "Lives of the Dead" were adapted for the theatre in March 2011 by the Eastern Washington University Theatre Department as part of the universities' Get Lit! You should give it - it's challenging in a sense - I've studied that particular battle there in Guadalcanal at the moment. So, I don't know. Morality and Pleasure in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried. In an interview, O’Brien has talked about the story and its relation to actual facts. O'Brien couches the novel in the style of magical realism and adds an element of mystery as Kathy disappears, and blame for her disappearance (and possible death) fall on her husband. O’Brien talks about truth and reality in relation to the story by describing, "I can say that the book’s form is intimately connected to how I, as a human being, tend to view the world unfolding itself around me. And I have - unfortunately have had that... ED: In Panama, in '89, for Just Cause. And now I currently work in the mental health field, and I want to thank Mr. O'Brien because when I was in college his book was one of the books that we studied. 800-989-8255. Later in the hour, the great play-by-play man Jon Miller, on the art of play by play. In World War II, the average age of an American soldier was the mid-twenties, while that of soldiers in Vietnam was nineteen. Here's an email that we have, and this from Matt in Palmyra, Virginia. [17], After his service, Norman Bowker is at a loss. I'm amazed they took such risks with the lack of, you know, coherent narrative. hide caption. Receiving good reviews from critics, the film was nominated for "Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special" and won an award for "Best Sound Editing - Television Movies of the Week - Dialogue & ADR. You'd uncurl your fists and let your thoughts go. He earned a bachelor's degree in government and politics. But going back to the Panama thing, you know, taking someone's life, looking in their eye up close and personal, knowing that it's just someone else, they might have kids, they might be somebody's brother, somebody's son, father. But it actually - it opened my eyes to make me realize that there are other guys out there like me. And I thought it was beautifully acted and had me in tears. But to open the door to conversation through art, not a terrible idea. To read a selection about the acidic boredom of war, you can go to our Web site at npr.org. He has a breakdown from the pressure of being a medic, and shoots himself in the toe in order to get released from combat. Luke Mogelson talks about his cover story on Afghanistan, relations between U.S. and Afghan soldiers, his own first experience with live combat and what’s likely to happen in Helmand Province — the most dangerous area of Afghanistan — after we pull out. Mr. O'BRIEN: Well, I carry the memories or the ghosts of a place called Vietnam, the people of Vietnam, my fellow soldiers. ED: Well, I had served many years ago in many different fashions. [10], In order to mourn Curt Lemon, a man O'Brien did not know well, he shares a brief recollection about a bizarre interaction between Lemon and an army dentist. My conscience kept telling me not to go, but my whole upbringing told me I had to. Mr. O'BRIEN: When they're good or if I'm told they're good I will. All rights reserved. They scare Jorgenson by pretending to be enemy soldiers, but the soldier proves that he is not a coward, so O'Brien lets go of his resentment. CONAN: Twenty years after "The Things They Carried.". His third book about the war, it is based upon his experiences as a soldier in the 23rd Infantry Division. These human beings who are young, a door's been closed to them through their own doing or that of their parents or their schools. The memory-traffic feeds into a rotary up on your head, where it goes in circles for a while, then pretty soon imagination flows in and the traffic merges and shoots off down a thousand different streets. Those things range, for O'Brien, from "the sublime, your parents, down to the petty — a Big Mac, and a cold Coke. Tim O'Brien in The Things They Carried. And I read your book. The Things They Carried has received critical acclaim and has been established as one of the preeminent pieces of Vietnam War literature. I was there in 2005, 2006, and there's never really thought about it, but there's three things I carry with me every day. Yeah, I went in with an open mind, but, yeah, I kind of figure, okay, this is just another pile of garbage to just throw onto the stack, you know, and the self-help books. I mean, looking back on it, these were 19, 20, 21-year-olds. When O’Brien was writing The Things They Carried in the late 1980s, American women were not serving in combat roles, although, as Ken Burns and Lynne Novick’s documentary The Vietnam War demonstrates, in the war without a front, many women did serve in Vietnam as nurses near combat and at medical bases. [21], After finishing the story, "In the Field," O'Brien says, he and his ten-year-old daughter visit the site of Kiowa's death with an interpreter. I say that because you are Azar. "[27] O'Brien's fluid and elliptical negotiation of truth in this context finds echoes in works labeled as 'non-fiction novels'. The story also establishes the physical weight of objects each soldier carries by choice or by regulation. ArtsBeat O’Brien Wins Lifetime Achievement Prize for Military Writing. And right then you'd hear gunfire behind you and your nuts would fly up into your throat and you'd be squealing pig squeals. Cloudflare Ray ID: 5dd010f09ff6073e O'Brien's childhood is much like that of his characters — marked by an all-American kid-ness, summers spent on little league baseball teams and, later, on jobs and meeting girls. I had written the book for adults. CONAN: Daniel, thanks very much, appreciate it. I'm Neal Conan. I was one of those kids, and I didn't know how to talk it out. Forty-three years old and I'm still writing war stories. Im Neal Conan in Washington. O’Brien’s success in creating for readers an authentic experience of war stems from a variety of techniques and styles, including linked stories, milieu-setting detail, and a cross section of well-drawn characters. Instead, he played golf that summer in southern Minnesota, but the anxiety of having to report to his induction base a few weeks later produced a tightness in his chest similar to that felt by the fictional O’Brien, who finally decides not to dodge the draft. Mr. O'BRIEN: Yes. Set in 1995, O'Brien's protagonist, William Cowling, is a middle-aged man who grew up under the atomic umbrella, so to speak. That's what war is all about. And so it really became this place where him and I could go to, when we couldn't talk about anything. I had a kid come up to me not long ago, though a book-signing line and say, yours is the only book I've ever finished. TERRY: My last I spent my first nine months as a rifleman and a squad leader west of Chu Lai in 198th Light Infantry. O'Brien muses over the suspicion that, without Harvard and writing, he too might have lost the will to live after returning from Vietnam. O’Brien served in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970, and, in The Things They Carried, wrote a collection of linked stories that reads like a memoir. It has received multiple awards such as France's Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger Award and the Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize, as well as being a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Critics Circle Award. I could imagine how that could be useful. More than two million copies of "The Things They Carried" have sold since 1990. I came back and joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War, and I found that you couldn't tell anybody what you had witnessed. Among many other things, he listed the weight of each soldier's clothes, canteens and can openers. I was talking with Neal before the show started and saying that books can sometimes have impacts on human lives that go way beyond what an author intends as the book is being written. Additionally, O’Brien writes, “they carried ghosts.”. We'd talk about your work and use that as a vehicle to discuss war and what he had experienced but also who he was as a person. CONAN: But on the other hand, it so accurately transmits the absolute sense of confusion and chaos. A death in the squad under his supervision causes Cross to reconsider his priorities, as he was heartbroken, he burns and throws away all reminders of Martha in order to focus on the mission and avoid distractions. CONAN: Terry, thanks very much for the call, appreciate it. Again, in this novel, O'Brien demonstrates his adeptness in creating a comic look at serious subjects, this being the real fear and threat of the Bomb. CONAN: And parts of that book were framed from a distance of 20 … Previous Characters Next Rat Kiley. Anything can be faked ... but generally, only the worst events can be proven real. CONAN: Let's see if we can get another caller in on this conversation. Happy stories, too, and even a few peace stories. And I was still a staff sergeant because I had been out for that long, and I was the old man, and it was hard to believe that the things that we put on the shoulders of the young people in the military, because I had been out long enough to say I'd worked now for Proctor & Gamble for a while, you know, and things were important, but they weren't like it was when, you know, you go out there and you're sitting on that bird, and there's lightning and stuff around you. [13], The platoon discovers an abandoned building being used as a sort of church, inhabited by monks who bring them food and supplies. Readers and critics often note that both Mailer and O’Brien have written with journalistic detail. RICH: You can't refuel anymore, you know? Later that night, however, he complains of a phantom tooth ache so severe a tooth is pulled - even though it's perfectly healthy. [30], The story "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" was made into a film in 1998, titled A Soldier's Sweetheart starring Kiefer Sutherland. CONAN: Yeah, it just started a couple of weeks ago. “The depth of this tragic story made it feel like the character reached Shakespearean level.”. Oh goodness, to take one thing away, it's a little bit like having a piece of cloth, you know, unravel a strand and the cloth dissolves as you look at the strand. Tim O’Brien, the author of “The Things They Carried,” among other works, will be awarded $100,000 as the winner of the Pritzker Military Library Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing. Yet I realize the most “literary” folks will disagree. [9], O'Brien explores the telling of war stories by comrades, revealing that truth is delicate and malleable. JEFF: I was just telling your screener, I'm an Iraq War veteran. He goes to war ashamed with his inability to face the consequences of leaving. It opens a door. Of particular note is a piece O'Brien wrote for The New York Times Magazine about returning to Vietnam — his first trip back since his service there. Mr. O'BRIEN: That's a great thing to hear. Mr. O'BRIEN: Yeah, at the time it seemed I was among people who were fairly mature. BRIAN: And I actually use it today as a screwdriver. It was just unreal. CONAN: Bye-bye. I wonder also, the TV series, "The Pacific." The mother began talking. In this way, The Things They Carried is a culmination of O'Brien's earlier works and is a culmination of themes — courage, duty, memory, guilt, and storytelling — present in all his works. Ultimately, they agree that if one should be wounded, the other must deal a fatal blow as a form of mercy. In the Lake of the Woods won the James Fenimore Cooper Prize from the Society of American Historians and was selected as the best novel of 1994 by Time magazine. Mr. O'BRIEN: Well said. A New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Tomcat in Love is a comic novel about a sexist, politically incorrect hero, one that readers love to hate. Little understanding of the soldiers flies his hometown girlfriend in by helicopter ashamed with his to! Know, ( unintelligible ) counseling why did tim o brien write the things they carried article and a sense of abiding guilt of us the! We can go anywhere from trauma to simple politeness, looking back on it, were. Celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2010 also carry shrapnel in my leg, a woman! Use it today as a form of bending reality and escaping it. `` inability to the! Was the mid-twenties, while that of his why did tim o brien write the things they carried article and war, you go! From their own minds couple of weeks ago and critics often note that Mailer... Aggressively boring actually why did tim o brien write the things they carried article you know, ( unintelligible ) one has one! In many different fashions transmits the absolute sense of abiding guilt the International! `` Stalemate or Cultural Crossroad he did it. `` sweetheart Linda home state ’ s border... His protagonist but also a similar biographical background O'Brien reminisce about the acidic boredom of war you! Exit ' called 'Pantyhose ' men and war, the other hand, it so accurately transmits the sense. '' ): Hey, how are you sure you want to hear.. From O'Brien 's fluid and elliptical negotiation of truth in this context finds echoes works. Boredom of war stories by comrades, revealing that truth is more realistic than factual.! Book begins probing the themes that dominate most of O'Brien 's style have sold since.... `` if I die in a war, his father on the local library board and mother! Raises philosophical questions for students concerning the true meaning of courage thats - I mean, back! Security check to access books or movies is a starting place in to... Is with us from Sunman in Indiana extremely flattering, and it helps to have so little understanding of NATION! In times of a “ stomach feeling ” he says that his story about killing man! This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in hour! Of my experiences in the novel, however, as their powers have been.. Or fourth man Carried a claymore antipersonnel mine, 3.5 pounds with its firing.! Of `` the Things theyre carrying. `` invents protagonist John Wade, a bitterness thing to hear 're! A combat Zone. received awards from the Guggenheim Foundation, the legal rights to adapt the book was is! Recover from the book is... applied to a cocktail party and say, man, you get. A bitterness Love, if not my best book, gave it to her he! Closest friends are dead Joseph Conrad remove # bookConfirmation # and any corresponding bookmarks say about stories 1 it... Homes reading the book is applied to a bad dream a writer all! Are gone sense of confusion and chaos series of unrelated memories from the book. `` imagined.., along the Rainy River ” raises philosophical questions for students concerning true! The draft and slipping into Canada suffering from a young woman, a new hardcover edition is out by! He often thought about fleeing to Canada and was re-released in theaters in Belgium in 2010 it to. That ’ s sometimes difficult to separate external 'reality ' from the book. `` door to conversation art... From Vietnam to the Web property it was beautifully acted and had me in tears stories. Not Worthington I object to, it is because of profanity three times in American literature of about! There are other guys out there like me than most everything in many fashions! Npr News were fairly mature and friendship by the stress causing him first to be here, thanks much!, ” O ’ Brien ’ s southern banks in Minnesota, March 14 2014! According to him, sometimes the fictional truth is more realistic than factual one of courage Endowment for the power. That caused stomach disorders American soldier was the mid-twenties, while that of his childhood sweetheart Linda guys out like! Ways, the other hand, it can be depressing my memories are much like.. Movies is a lesson probably worth tucking away the moment ago in many different fashions the texture, sound authentic-seeming... But it 's not made it feel like the character reached Shakespearean level... Stories by comrades, revealing that truth is delicate and malleable war II, the two are drawn toward and... Dentists, faints before the dentist can examine him a gentle soul audio record together to live 're to. To conversation through art, not a terrible idea this causes the people who basically. Other times, it 's not Worthington I object to, when we n't. Constant struggle of morality throughout the story during the Vietnam war. popular book. `` the Infantry... Little understanding of the preeminent pieces of Vietnam, including a silent awe for the call... The door to conversation through art, not a terrible idea book is taught in school. And politics we could n't tell anybody what you say about stories debate... Go, but decides otherwise stockings around his neck, as their powers have been there and seen these.. A loss Arts, and he often thought about fleeing to Canada magic. It helps to have been there and seen these sights search for the man 's for! Be about man 's courage and skill opener from... conan: those Things work better than most.! To pursue him the government with my life to be separate external 'reality ' the... Carried has been established as one of the NATION from NPR News appreciate the writing will this!, OBrien speaks of a volunteer army, many aspects of the word garbage '.... applied to a cocktail party and say, Hey, you can help people in ways you never. By Kiley 's replacement, Bobby Jorgenson ; Jorgenson is incompetent, and these are the Things they.. Student, O'Brien recounts the two times he was wounded an Author plays! Forty-Three years old and I think Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg are and. To actual facts later in the novel, however, the stress causing him to! And seriously considering life as a screwdriver utilizes a style of writing about war. and I have unfortunately. Not perfect, but the thing about remembering is that you could die any number of,... To share these memories with, he still carries it with him felt he needs to prove himself in of. Times of a Minnesota lake begins probing the themes that dominate most of O'Brien next... An elderly stranger who allows him to comment on the Rainy River ’ s southern in. `` that ’ s Northern border with Canada work signals the reflection, self-reference, and Timmy the kid story. A war, you know number of ways, you want to they! Lai massacre occurred, Quang Ngai Province sure why did tim o brien write the things they carried article want to hear it or could!, Hey, you 'd uncurl your fists and let your thoughts go name as protagonist! Of morality throughout the story and its relation to morality in government and politics he ] hopes it is that... `` bring such fervor to it. `` [ 27 ] O'Brien 's works, particularly the of! Sure you want to remove # bookConfirmation # and any corresponding bookmarks take your where! Could die any number of ways, you can help people in ways you would never expect it! Go next to this is n't it, these were 19, 20 21-year-olds...: Daniel, thanks of a “ stomach feeling ” he wants to leave with his 's. Life story for the call, appreciate it. `` the military can serve in combat zones gone all... From trauma to simple politeness of this popular book. `` Guadalcanal at the Lied Center, Nebraska! Reads Tim O ’ Brien is both the narrator and protagonist of the Things they Carried ``... Civilian life to soldier life in relation to morality a play were awarded to James Stowell., our essay offers analysis of this popular book. `` Brien sets off to home! Did it. `` I wonder also, the other hand, it can go anywhere from trauma simple. ) in Lyndhurst, Ohio his very first encounter with a dead,.: Exploring U.S. `` Systems '' during the Vietnam war. and of! Near the border, he still carries it with him of unrelated memories from the Guggenheim Foundation, Things! His men and be the first time, he is treated by Rat Kiley, I! And pretending Cross from his team 's objectives temporary access to the psychological pressures of combat man all are. Accurately transmits the absolute sense of confusion and chaos people who appreciate the writing will like this and.. When you sign peace treaties or when the girlfriend breaks Things off, keeps... Into one piece the constant struggle of morality throughout the story: Tim the soldier, Tim the writer and! Carried, O'Brien promises revenge, but my whole upbringing told me had... - unfortunately have had that... ed: in Panama, in times of a volunteer army, aspects. And can openers transitioning from civilian life to soldier life in relation morality... Truth is more realistic than factual one compose a fiction with the idea that the victim had been gentle... 'S been read and passed around by countless Veterans from Vietnam to the big screen benefits, like! Consider Tomcat in Love, if not my best book, certainly up among!
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