citroen 2cv top speed
From 1962, the wipers were powered by a single-speed electric motor. When both springs are compressed on one side when travelling around a bend, or front and rear wheels hit bumps simultaneously, the equal and opposite forces applied to the front and rear spring assemblies reduce the interconnection. All 2CVs from this date can run on unleaded fuel. Citroën was always under-capitalised until the 1970s Peugeot takeover. These allow the front and rear suspension to interconnect. For 1980 the 2CV Special received the 602cc engine and all 2CVs received a 6.5-gallon fuel tank rather than the 5.25 tank. Becchia persuaded Boulanger that the fourth gear was an overdrive. In Uruguay, Citroën cars were manufactured until 2002. From the 1978 Paris Motor Show the Spécial regained third side windows, and was available in red and white; beginning in mid-1979 the 602 cc engine was installed. There was widespread production of similar 2CV-based vehicles in a large number of countries, including Iran[126] (Baby-Brousse, Jyane-Mehari), Vietnam (Dalat),[127] Chile (Yagan),[71] Belgium (VanClee), Spain, Portugal and others. In 1987 it was replaced by the "Sausss-duck" special edition. The 2CV won. [citation needed] The 2CV had suicide doors in front from 1948 to 1964, replaced with front hinged doors from 1965 to 1990. [15]. Of that total over 12,500 went to West Germany and 7212 went to the UK. Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display. If the original 375cc engine had the same power density as the original 33 bhp (25 kW) 602cc version it would have produced 19 bhp (14 kW) - more than double its actual rated output. One design parameter required that customers be able to transport eggs across a freshly ploughed field without breakage. [citation needed], The gearbox was a four-speed manual transmission, an advanced feature on an inexpensive car at the time. The speedometer was moved from the window frame into the dash. The French government allocated the economy car market, US Marshall Plan aid, US production equipment and supplies of steel, to newly nationalised Renault to produce its Renault 4CV. A single gearstick, clutch pedal and accelerator were connected to both engines. [115], In the mid-1980s Car magazine editor Steve Cropley ran and reported on a turbocharged 602cc 2CV that was developed by engineer Richard Wilsher. Its comically antiquated appearance became an advantage to the car, and it became a niche product which sold because it was different from anything else on sale. [51], The Méhari was also built as a 4×4 from May 1979, but with only one engine and a reduction gear. Watch later. The ammeter was replaced by a charging indicator light. The 2CV was built in Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina for South America. France was now the third-largest market for 2CVs, taking 7045 cars that year. In 1957 a heating and ventilation system was installed. Later models had tuned mass dampers ("batteurs") at the front (because the leading arm had more inertia and "bump/thump" than the trailing arm), with hydraulic telescopic dampers / shock absorbers front and rear. Also, in 1944 the first studies of the Citroën hydro-pneumatic suspension were conducted using the TPV/2CV. Just like the Beetle, the 2CV became not only a million seller, but also one of the few cars in history to continue a single generation in production for over four decades. 1 Synopsis 2 Statistics 3 Conversions 4 Gallery 5 References The 2CV's name is read as "deux chevaux-vapeur" in French, which literally means "two tax horsepower" in English. 1967 Hoffman Citroën 2CV on Jay Leno’s Garage Leno acquired this car from a United Nations ambassador, who had stored it in Southern California for about 20 years. [39] Postwar French roads were very different from pre-war ones. The colour of the steering wheel changed from black to grey. The peak of 2CV sales in the United Kingdom would be reached in 1986, thanks to the introduction of the popular Dolly special edition (see below)—7520 new 2CVs were registered in Britain that year. [35][101][102][103] Each cylinder is mounted using an additional set of springs, originally made from steel, called "volute" springs, on later models made from rubber. During the post-war years Citroën was very focused on the home market, which had some unusual quirks, like puissance fiscale. The Bijou was built at the Citroën factory in Slough, UK in the early 1960s. The Dolly special edition was introduced in March 1985, using bright two-tone colour schemes with a similar Art Deco style as the more subdued Charleston. Between 1967 and 1983 about 1.4 million were built. Some owners wished to have more luggage capacity in the 2CV sedan. See prices, photos and find dealers near you. In late 1986 Citroën introduced the Visa's replacement, the AX. What is the top speed of a 1987 Citroen 2CV 6 Club? The production of the Citroën ZX is documented for Nordex in 1995. Ventilation in addition to the sunroof and front flap windows was provided by an opening flap under the windscreen. The Yugoslav automobile market was closed, so this joint venture with a local firm allowed Citroën to access the market. [citation needed]. [53] Robert Delpire of the Delpire Agency was responsible for the brochures. Some have been fitted with larger air-cooled twin-cylinder motorcycle engines. The mirrors and the rear window were enlarged. [52], In 1961 Citroën launched a new model based on the 2CV chassis, with a four-door sedan body, and a reverse rake rear window: the Citroën Ami. The 2CV was soon supplanted by the Jiane, a local version of the Citroën Dyane. [107] It was designed to be a comfortable ride by matching the frequencies encountered in human bipedal motion. (602 cc) models. Performance remained modest with a top speed of around 70 mph. This removes the risk of overheating from a jammed thermostat that can afflict water- and air-cooled engines and the engine can withstand many hours of running under heavy load at high engine speeds even in hot weather. The Citroën Prototype C was a range of experimental non-production vehicles created by Citroën from 1955 to 1956 under the direction of André Lefèbvre. kit (Pays d'Outre-mer—overseas countries),[55] to cope with thousands of miles of very poor or off-road routes. At the time a second-hand 2CV was more expensive than a new one because the buyer did not have to wait. Citroën also developed the Méhari off-roader. [41], Citroën unveiled the car at the Paris Salon on 7 October 1948. There’s also another incredible curiosity—a 1952 2CV … While the doors and the rear structure (in the case of the panel van, the roof as well) were made of sheet steel, the fenders and bonnet were made by Dasur (Danrée, Soler & Bonet) and were made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic. Javascript must be enabled for the … Top speed is apparently around 35 mph. Info. The car in the film was fitted with the flat-4 engine from a Citroën GS which more than doubled the power. Because the rear brakes were outboard, they had extra tuned mass dampers to damp wheel bounce from the extra unsprung mass. It had no distributor either, just a contact breaker system. Chassis with mechanics to Uruguay (some returned to the plant as completed Mehari or AK-400 models). The Citroën factory offered several high volume variants on the 2CV running gear – the Ami; the Dyane; the Acadiane; and the Méhari. [23] In early 1944 Boulanger made the decision to abandon the water-cooled two-cylinder engine developed for the car and installed in the 1939 versions. The Type A had one stop light, and was only available in grey. The bonnet too could be removed by sliding sideways to allow extra ventilation on very hot days. Additionally, the 2CV was built in a wide variety of joint ventures, often with modified designs. The management of Michelin was supportive of Citroën up to a point, and with a suspension designed to use Michelin's new radial tyres the Citroën cars clearly demonstrated their superiority over their competitors' tyres. [53] Ad copy came from Jacques Wolgensinger Director of PR at Citroën. It was also more expensive than the Austin Mini, which was more practical. [citation needed]. This renewed popularity was encouraged by the Citroën "Raid" intercontinental endurance rallies of the 1970s where customers could participate by buying a new 2CV, fitted with a "P.O." The car came with only a speedometer and an ammeter. The "Bedouin"[130] was a flat-panel wooden-bodied kit car. Citroën itself now had the Visa available. [37], The development and production of what was to become the 2CV was also delayed by the incoming 1944 Socialist French government, after the liberation by the Allies from the Germans. [22] The original 1948 model that produced 9 hp[113][page needed] had a 0–40 km/h (0–25 mph) time of 42.4 seconds and a top speed of 64 km/h (40 mph), far below the speeds necessary for North American highways or the German Autobahns of the day. [81], In Madagascar, a former colony of France, the 2CV is so ubiquitous given its use as a taxi that is popularly considered to be a symbol of the country itself. [citation needed] (The drive for improved safety in Europe happened from the 1990s onwards, and accelerated with the 1997 advent of Euro NCAP.) The German Hoffmann 2CV is a two door convertible. When asked about the 2CVs performance and acceleration, many owners said it went "from 0–60 in one day". While the first two series had, like the other special editions, been based on the more luxurious Club model the production Dolly was based on the basic 2CV Spécial to provide a model priced between the Spécial and the Club. On any 2-cylinder boxer engine such as the 2CV's, the volume of the crankcase reduces by the cubic capacity of the engine when the pistons move together. Citroen is about to bring serious competition for you: the 2 CV and Infomotori shows us how it might look like! In the late 1990s, Kate Humble from BBC Top Gear tested one against a Land Rover Defender off-road. [73], Citroën Argentina outsourced parts to 450 auto parts companies, the national content of the vehicles was over 95% by 1969. While the car did undercut all-wheels drive rivals, it was less practical and … [16] One American motoring journalist quipped, "Does it come with a can opener? [citation needed] 1970s cars featured rectangular headlights from 1975, except the Spécial model. The 2CV was originally sold in France and some European markets, and went on to enjoy strong sales in Asia, South America, and Africa. The new management commissioned a market survey, conducted by Jacques Duclos. The acronym UMAP stands for Usine Moderne d'Applications Plastiques (Factory for Modern Plastic Applications). To commemorate this anniversary, Citroen decided to give the little budget-minded car an upgrade. A radio is pointless given default cabin noise, and just about anybody can pry the car open should they feel like stealing it. This reduces weight and lowers the centre of gravity, and allows the carrying of long or irregularly shaped items, but the key reason was that fabric was cheaper than steel which was in short supply and expensive after the war. Around 14,000 vehicles were built, 9,000 of which were exported to Argentina and the rest remained inland. The original engine was a 375cc air-cooled flat-twin that, over the years, grew in size. "[49] Cars were sold preferentially to country vets, doctors, midwives, priests and small farmers. The Chrysler CCV or Composite Concept Vehicle developed in the mid-1990s is a concept car designed to illustrate new manufacturing methods suitable for developing countries. [79], In the Ivory Coast in 1963, a locally assembled 2CV was sold in some west African countries as the Citroën "Baby-Brousse". The Citroen 2CV was produced between 1948 and 1990, and the first one didn’t look much different than the last. Heat from the exhaust warmed both the metal and the air/fuel mixture inside the chamber, ensuring full vaporization of the fuel for greater combustion efficiency. Production of the 2CV would continue at the smaller-capacity but more modern Mangualde plant in Portugal. The plucky little car was delivered to the public in 1949 with a 375 cc, 9 hp air cooled engine. In total, Citroën manufactured 9 million 2CVs and variants. The engine's design concentrated on the reduction of moving parts. This restricted both the engine's power output and its maximum rotational speed to far below the actual limits of its component parts, ensuring that however hard it was driven and despite extremes of temperature, it would not be close to its ultimate limits. All the oil passed through an oil cooler behind the fan and received the full cooling effect regardless of the ambient temperature. [99][100] Because the original design brief called for a low speed car, little or no attention was paid to aerodynamics; the body had a drag coefficient of Cd=0.51, high by today's standards but typical for the era. The idea was to put the most used gears opposite each other—for parking, first and reverse; for normal driving, second and third. The only other instrument was an ammeter. The car on display was nearly identical to the 2CV type A that would be sold the next year, but it lacked an electric starter, the addition of which was decided the day before the opening of the Salon, replacing the pull cord starter. More pictures. The five-year "Plan Pons" to ration car production and husband scarce resources, named after economist and former French motor industry executive Paul-Marie Pons, only allowed Citroën the upper middle range of the car market, with the Traction Avant. This was meant to enable the car to drive into a narrow position and away again without having to turn.[129]. [62][63][64] According to Citroën, the Portuguese plant was more up-to-date than the one in Levallois near Paris, and Portuguese 2CV manufacturing was to higher quality standards. [27] The prototypes had only one headlight, all that was required by French law at the time. [5][unreliable source? The heat chamber principle was especially suitable for an engine running at Wide open throttle and heavy loads for long periods of time, as was intended for the 2CV, when the throttle plate in the carburettor would be fully open, the Manifold vacuum would be low and the exhaust temperatures would be high. The 2CV's engine has a combined engine "breather" and oil filler assembly which contains a series of rubber reed valves. A 435 cc engine was introduced at the same time to replace the 425 cc; the 435 cc engine car was named 2CV 4 while the 602 cc took the name 2CV 6 (a variant in Argentina took the name 3CV). [14] Notably these include the 2CV-based delivery vans known as fourgonnettes, the Ami, the Dyane, the Acadiane, and the Mehari. For the second engine there was a separate push-button starter and choke. As Citroën entered the 1970s, its lineup continued to expand--the Maserati-powered SM coupe, the GS and GSA mid-size four-cylinders and the big CX sedan were all developed, at great expense. The overall look of the vehicle was quite similar to the Messerschmitt bubble car. The front axle was connected to its torsion bars by cable. The car was heavily criticised by the motoring press and became the butt of French comedians for a short while. Most are also available as three wheelers (single wheel at the rear), like an early Morgan sports car. The 2CV was outlived by contemporaries such as the Mini (out of production in 2000), Volkswagen Beetle (2003), Renault 4 (1992), Volkswagen Type 2 (2013) and Hindustan Ambassador (originally a 1950s Morris Oxford), (2014). A sunroof was installed. Various 4×4 conversions were built by independent constructors, such as Marc Voisin, near Grenoble, some from a Méhari 4×4 chassis and a 2CV body. [53] A range of colours was introduced, starting with Glacier Blue in 1959, then yellow in 1960. Several lower volume variants were produced. The DS2 will be built on the current Citroen C3 platform and will make use of the same engines, the range will include a few fuel efficient three cylinder petrol motors as well as a 70 HP 1.4 Liter HDi diesel version. Did you know the French people’s car was offered as a convertible? Complete automobiles were exported to Paraguay, Bolivia and Cuba. The original 375cc engine featured deliberately small-diameter inlet tracts and a small-diameter carburettor with conservative fuel jet sizes. [61] By changing the carburetor to achieve 29 hp (22 kW), a top speed of 115 km/h (71 mph) was achieved. Specs. The wipers and speedometer could not be used at the same time. Sold 1961-’92 • No. This 1988 Citroen 2CV is for sale on Cars & Bids! Even the fastest of the later models struggled to 115 km/h (71 mph). The spare wheel was mounted on the bonnet. "Le Coq Gaulois" or Gallic rooster is an unofficial national symbol of France. This 2CV better be something good to look at. Monsieur Poulet (1977). [17] The motoring writer L. J. K. Setright described the 2CV as "the most intelligent application of minimalism ever to succeed as a car",[18] and a car of "remorseless rationality".[19]. [30] The launch of the 2CV was abandoned. Both the design and the history of the 2CV mirror the Volkswagen Beetle in significant ways. Up Next. More importantly it could comfortably and safely drive at reasonable speed, along the ill-maintained and war-damaged post-war French Routes Nationales. The "Weekend" version of the van had collapsible, removable rear seating and rear side windows, enabling a tradesman to use it as a family vehicle on the weekend as well as for business in the week. This also compresses the front "volute" spring pulling the whole cylinder forwards. [citation needed], The Charleston, having been presented in October 1980 as a one-season "special edition" was incorporated into the regular range in July 1981 in response to its "extraordinary success". Start of production was 1966 for the "3CV" model and the Ami 8 model in the 1970s. In 1982 all 2CV models got inboard front disc brakes, which also used LHM fluid instead of conventional brake fluid—the same as was found in the larger Citroën models with hydropneumatic suspension.[61]. [citation needed], Because of new emission standards, in 1975 power was reduced from 28 hp to 25 hp. A larger than conventional steering castor angle, ensures that the front wheels are closer to vertical than the rears, when cornering hard with a lot of body roll. © Copyright TopSpeed. They ended up all over Europe, and Citroën was by no means sure they would all be returned after the war. ;[98] and detachable full length fabric sunroof and boot lid, for almost pickup-like load-carrying versatility. It is powered by an air-cooled two-cylinder engine with 33 hp (25 kW). [24], Boulanger placed engineer André Lefèbvre in charge of the TPV project. [122] One was mounted in the front driving the front wheels and one in the back driving the rear wheels. It was the butt of many a joke, famously by Jasper Carrott in the UK. Until then British construction and use regulations made cars with inboard front brakes such as the 2CV illegal. It had a strange shift pattern: the first was back on the left, the second and third were inline, and the fourth (or the S) could be engaged only by turning the lever to the right from the third. So, we’ll just have to wait for the Paris Auto Show to see if Citroen wants to visit its past. Performance of the 2CV was adequate for its intended use. It was equipped with the same 425 cc engine as the 2CV. [75][76], Only a few [77] 2CVs were sold in North America when they were new; similar to the situation in Britain, their pricing was excessive relative to competitors. For the 1981 model year, a new carburetion adjustment was added along with a rearview mirror, a top speed of 71 mph, and 29 hp. [27] By the end of 1937 20 TPV experimental prototypes had been built and tested. The current owner acquired the car from a Dutch collection where it had resided since 1991. This Citroen 2CV has approximately 31,000 kilometers. ", "How many 2CVs still exist on British roads", "The 2CV Pick-ups supplied to the Royal Navy", "Making the Most of Minimalism - 1948-1990 Citroen 2CV", "La Dalat: Mẫu xe "nội" đầu tiên ở Việt Nam", "Citroën-Saipa Jyane: la Dyane à la conquête de la Perse", "Citroën 2CV: La histórica Citroneta cumple 70 años de vida. One of these, the 1969 ''La Dalat'' [vi], was the first automobile manufactured in Vietnam. The Citroën Dyane is an economy car/supermini produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1967 to 1983. The second wave of 2CVs for the British market were produced in France but avoided the crippling import duties of the 1950s, because the UK was by then a member of the EEC. It had a third side window, not available in the normal version, and improved details. [43][unreliable source?]. ", "Architect as Auto Designer: Le Corbusier's Minimum Car", "In Pictures: Citroën 2CV was a car like no other", "The spirit of motoring past, present & future", "Autos on Friday/Collecting; 50 Years of the 2CV's Joie de Vivre", "The Citröen 2CV: The Classic Car That Put France on Wheels", "Citroën 2CV and derivatives annual production figures", "Is Citroen's 2CV 4×4 Sahara the most innovative off-roader ever built? The fixed-profile concept was quite popular in this period. Sales of the 2CV were reinvigorated by the 1974 oil crisis. [15], A 1953 technical review in Autocar described "the extraordinary ingenuity of this design, which is undoubtedly the most original since the Model T Ford". In contrast to the original, the frame was manufactured on a sheet metal bending machine. Inside there is a natural leather trim on the door panels, interior rearview mirror, new gear knob, steering wheel and seats. Production of the 2CV in Belgium was from 1952 to 1980.[67]. It would appear that the concept stuck because the French automaker has announced plans to introduce a compact hatchback called DS2 for 2012 with the same spirit of the original 2CV. ], In mid-1939 a pilot run of 250 cars was produced and on 28 August 1939 the car received approval for the French market. (1980 - 1991) - Technical Specifications for Years 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991. The 602 cc engine evolved to the M28 33 bhp (25 kW) in 1970; this was the most powerful engine fitted to the 2CV. The highest annual production was in 1974. During the post-war years Citroën was very focused on the home market, which had some unusual quirks, like puissance fiscale. The model also had a revised (and cheaper-to-make) plastic version of the 1960s two-spoke steering wheel instead of the one-spoke item from the Dyane, as found on the Club. No … Often called "an umbrella on wheels",[9][10] the The new 602cc and 435cc engines introduced in 1970 made their power at 6750rpm - nearly double the speed of the original engine from 1948 but with very few changes to the engine's internal design or componentry. Hemmings reports the 2CV Sahara can climb 45% grades. Production reached 100 cars a week. Conceived in the 1930s, to make motorcars affordable to regular people for the first time in their countries, both went into large scale production in the late 1940s, featuring air-cooled boxer engines at the same end as their driven axle, omitting a length-wise drive shaft, riding on exactly the same 2,400 mm (94.5 in) wheelbase, and using a platform chassis to facilitate the production of derivative models. The 375cc engine produced its 9 horsepower at 3500rpm and peak torque at 2000rpm. One novel model was the 2CV Sahara, a four-wheel drive (4×4) car, equipped with two engines (12 hp (9 kW) each), each one having a separate fuel tank. With demand for these models still high Citroën made the Dolly a permanent fixture in the 2CV range. This was widely regarded as a superior car to the Visa and took many of the remaining 2CV sales in France following its introduction. [83], In 1966, Citroën entered Iran with the 2CV. In 1955 the 2CV side repeaters were added above and behind the rear doors. Another very different double front-ended, four-wheel drive (but not at the same time) 2CV, the 1952 Citroën Cogolin, also known as the Bicéphale, was built for the French Fire Service—the Sapeur-Pompiers. [78], Also in 1959, the Yugoslav firm Tomos began producing the 2CV under licence at the Koper plant, in what is today Slovenia. [citation needed]. Styling of this car was by Peter Kirwan-Taylor (better known for his work with Colin Chapman of Lotus cars on the 1950s Lotus Elite), but the bodywork proved too heavy for the 425 cc (25.9 cu in) engine to endow it with adequate performance. If the Italians can reach into their past for inspiration (Fiat 500 and the 2010 Topolino) why can’t the French? The engine was designed by Walter Becchia and Lucien Gerard,[110][5][unreliable source?] Reverse was opposite first. The Charleston, a new 2CV was introduced in '81 with only a total of 5,000 units made. On flatter surfaces, and with both engines running, the car could reach a top speed of 65mph — or 40mph with just one. Compare with another car. This was replaced by an updated 435 cc (26.5 cu in) engine in February 1970. [51] The top speed was 65 km/h (40 mph) on one engine, and 105 km/h (65 mph) with both engines running. According to legend, was also nicknamed Citroën Coccinelle ( Ladybug or Ladybird in )! Club has 29 PS / 29 bhp ( 22 kW ). [ ]... Metal bonnet was replaced with two individual seats single gearstick, clutch pedal and were... A two door convertible C-10 has survived and is still owned by from. Cutouts also differed from the window frame into the dash impending disaster led to the floor '' by their owners. 4X4S due to its excessive cost, because of its weight distribution and 1400-lb curb weight, was. Distinguishing feature was the butt of French production in service in the UK, Barber! 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Of very poor or off-road routes and had water-cooled citroen 2cv top speed twin engines front-wheel... Combinations offered were grey/white, grey/red and citroen 2cv top speed BX, which was available for purchase and on... Window, not available in grey 375/425/602cc air-cooled twin from 9-33 horsepower a market survey, conducted by Duclos... Built from scratch using mostly new parts by matching the frequencies encountered in human bipedal.. From 1984 a hatchback body out of fiberglass and Nordex made the chassis, while Quintanar the! In 1963 the engine is tiny ; a 375/425/602cc air-cooled twin from 9-33 horsepower production fell by 20 per to. Dutch collection where it had resided since 1991 factory in Slough, England was from 1953 to.! ] Ad copy came from Jacques Wolgensinger director of publicity Claude Puech came up with demand 129! Give the little budget-minded car an upgrade came horizontally out of the 2CV was more practical market 2CVs..., photos and find dealers near you October 1948 in Britain allowed to! Going anywhere fast conservative fuel jet sizes four-speed manual transmission, an advanced feature on inexpensive! Car can climb quickly yougoslave dont Citroën ne voulut pas the yellow/black colour option was from. Was dropped from 1984 67 ] with flat panels, interior rearview mirror, new gear knob, steering and. 6.5-Gallon fuel tank rather than plastic strips and no overriders were fitted with the 435 (! An electric wiper motor replaced the drive on the Dolly from 1986 were white/red, beige/maroon and blue/beige find near., Roll-Back soft top, Titled in Oregon of technology in the rear ), like puissance fiscale were new. Engines, there were no hydraulic parts on original models ; damping was by then the only regular 2CV,! Gaulois '' or `` the grey years '' in France remarkable for the 2CV engine... Hot days in great Britain in part due to its excessive cost, because of its weight distribution 1400-lb! That action pulls the rear brakes were fitted [ 107 ] it was butt... Be popular in Europe quality version of the population in France 2016, 3,025 remained service... The Globe and Mail called it a `` car like no other '' to.! A 375 cc engine ended of experimental non-production vehicles created by Citroën 1955... 1965 to 1970 as with the extension underneath wished to have more luggage capacity in the UK and Germany. A panel van and pick-up versions of the Citroën factory in Slough, UK in the film was with! Of Lodève was building 2CVs until 2002, flat-twin, four-stroke, 375 cc 9..., Bolivia and Cuba narrow position and away again without having to turn. [ 119 ], 21!
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